These days we're used to seeing thin, flat television screens in the form of LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays), plasma displays, OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode) displays, and so forth. Also, the electronics systems inside television sets are based on solid-state (silicon-chip) electronics.
The end result is that modern televisions are extremely reliable and the full-screen picture appears almost instantly when you power the TV on and the picture remains rock-steady...
...things weren't always this way...
When I was a young lad, the display portion of the television was a huge phosphor-lined, heavy-duty glass vacuum tube called a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT). Meanwhile, the electronics systems inside the set were based on vacuum tubes (called valves in England), which – if you took the back off the set and peered inside – sort of looked like dimly-glowing light bulbs.
As a result, there were certain characteristic features associated with the early television sets that would be unacceptable to a modern viewing audience, but were simply regarded as a "fact of life" in the early days...
When you first turned the set on, for example, the picture didn't immediately appear. Instead, a small version of the image appeared in the center of the screen, and over the course of a few seconds it gradually grew to fill the screen. (In my "mind's eye" I'm visualizing a black-and-white television picture because that's what we had, but the same thing happened with color sets).
Similarly, when you turned the television off, the picture didn’t simply disappear. Instead, it shrank toward the center of the screen, growing smaller and smaller until – eventuality – you were left with only a bright white spot in the middle of the screen (this dot subsequently faded away into oblivion).
But wait, there's more, because things began to deteriorate over time. After a few years in operation, your television set was no longer as "robust" as once it was. For reasons too complicated to go into here, the vacuum-tube based electronic systems began to "drift" such that the image might not exactly "fit" the screen.
Thus, on the back of the set (almost invariably to be found in the most inaccessible location) there would be a pair of knobs that allowed you to adjust the width and height of the picture. Also, there would be a knob to move the entire picture up/down and another to move it left-right. (Since folks at that time were generally unused to any form of electronics (outside of things like radio sets and record players), the vast majority of users regarded these controls as being the equivalent to the cockpit of a commercial airliner.)
In some cases – possibly depending on ambient temperature and humidity, or possibly depending on your television's sheer contrariness – the picture might start to rotate in a vertical direction. This would begin with the picture gradually moving up (or down) the screen such that the upper portion of the image disappeared off the top of the display and reappeared at the bottom. (Imagine watching an episode of I Love Lucie where the cast's legs are walking around the upper half of the screen while their heads, shoulders, and torsos appear on the bottom.)
If left unattended, the image would start to rotate from top to bottom, or vice versa, which was a bit like watching one of the dial's on an old-fashioned slot machine just after you had pulled its handle. Thus, there was also a knob to control the "vertical hold" on the back of the television set.
The sad thing is that once you started playing with these knobs, you knew in your heart-of-hearts that "the end was nigh" for your television. Tweaking one knob seemed to subtly affect the other settings. Thus, although things may appear to be "ticketyboo" by the end of your current session, the next time you turned the set on the picture could well be "all over the place", thereby requiring you to perform a new, more radical set of "tweaks".
And remember that these controls were on the back of the set, which meant you had to drag the whole thing away from the wall and squeeze behind it to be able to access the small, ill-marked, hard-to-reach knobs.
Now imagine the frustration of "tweaking furiously" to achieve the "perfect picture", returning the television to its usual location, sitting back down in your seat ... only to see the picture start to roll around again!
Before long, you were spending more time adjusting the picture than you were actually watching the television programs.
Ah... the good old days... (grin)
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